Electronics Interfacing a DS18S20 with an AVR

Circuit Interfacing a DS18S20 with an AVR schematics Circuit Electronics, This can be a complete project on its own - a simple DIY digital thermometer with LCD display and only a handful of parts - ATMEGA88, DS18S20 and only a resistor running off a regulated 5v supply.

Display type - LCD (can be 16x1, 16x2 or anything larger)
Controller: ATMEGA88
Programming Language: BASIC
Compiler: mikroBASIC PRO for AVR

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program Temp_DS1820

'Microcontroller: ATmega88 (Atmel AVR)
'Programming Language: BASIC
'Compiler: mikroBASIC PRO for AVR v2.10
'Sensor: DS18S20
'Programmer: Syed Tahmid Mahbub

dim LCD_RS as sbit at PORTB2_bit
dim LCD_EN as sbit at PORTB3_bit
dim LCD_D4 as sbit at PORTB4_bit
dim LCD_D5 as sbit at PORTB5_bit
dim LCD_D6 as sbit at PORTB6_bit
dim LCD_D7 as sbit at PORTB7_bit

dim LCD_RS_Direction as sbit at DDB2_bit
dim LCD_EN_Direction as sbit at DDB3_bit
dim LCD_D4_Direction as sbit at DDB4_bit
dim LCD_D5_Direction as sbit at DDB5_bit
dim LCD_D6_Direction as sbit at DDB6_bit
dim LCD_D7_Direction as sbit at DDB7_bit


sub procedure ConversionDelay()
    delay_ms(800)
end sub

sub procedure StabilizeDelay()
    delay_ms(200)
end sub

dim Temperature as word
dim TempH as byte
dim TempL as byte
dim TLow as byte
dim vDisp as string[9]
dim DecimalPoint as byte

main:
     DDRC = $FE 'RC0 input for One-Wire
     LCD_Init()
     LCD_Cmd(_LCD_CURSOR_OFF) 'LCD Cursor off
     LCD_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR) 'Clear LCD
     StabilizeDelay() 'Wait for sensor and LCD to stabilize
     vDisp = "+124.5 'C"
     LCD_Out(1, 1, "Temp:")
     while true
         OW_Reset(PORTC, 0) 'Reset command to initialize One-Wire
         OW_Write(PORTC, 0, $CC) 'Skip ROM Command
         OW_Write(PORTC, 0, $44) 'Convert_T command
         ConversionDelay() 'Provide delay for conversion
         OW_Reset(PORTC, 0) 'Reset command to initialize One-Wire
         OW_Write(PORTC, 0, $CC) 'Skip ROM Command
         OW_Write(PORTC, 0, $BE) 'Read Scratchpad Command
         Temperature = OW_Read(PORTC, 0) 'Read Temperature low byte
         Temperature = Temperature + ((OW_Read(PORTC, 0)) << 8) 'Read Temperature high byte and convert low and high bytes to one 16-bit word
         TempH = Hi(Temperature) 'High 8 bits of Temperature
         TempL = Lo(Temperature) 'Low 8 bits of Temperature
         DecimalPoint = Temperature.B0 'Check if Temperature is integer or fractional
         if (Temperature and $8000) then 'If reading is negative
            vDisp[0] = "-"
            TempL = byte((not TempL + 1) >> 1)
         else 'If reading is positive
            vDisp[0] = "+"
            TempL = TempL >> 1 'Shift one position right (divide by 2) to get integer reading and get rid of decimal point
         end if
         vDisp[1] = TempL div 100 + 48 'Get hundreds and convert to ASCII
         vDisp[2] = (TempL div 10) mod 10 + 48 'Get tens and convert to ASCII
         vDisp[3] = TempL mod 10 + 48 'Get units and convert to ASCII
         if (DecimalPoint) then 'If reading is fractional, ie has 0.5 at end
            vDisp[5] = "5"
         else 'If reading is a whole number
            vDisp[5] = "0"
         end if
         LCD_Out(1, 8, vDisp) 'Show temperature
     wend
end.

Hex file + Schematic + Code freely available for download:
http://www.4shared.com/file/WMXzmmO5/DS1820_Temp_LCD.html

The code can be freely used and there is no copyright restrictions or anything as such. Only credit the author (me) where necessary. 
Schematics for Interfacing a DS18S20 with an AVR Circuit Electronics

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Electronics Temperature sensor with PIC18 and MCP9700

Circuit Temperature sensor with PIC18 and MCP9700 schematics Circuit Electronics,  This can be a complete project on its own - a simple DIY digital thermometer with LCD display and only a handful of parts - the PIC18F45K20, LM35 and a small number of resistors and capacitors running off a regulated 5v supply.

Display type - LCD (can be 16x1, 16x2 or anything larger)
Controller: PIC18F45K20
Programming Language: BASIC
Compiler: mikroBASIC PRO for PIC v3.20

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'Programmer: Syed Tahmid Mahbub
'Compiler: mikroBASIC PRO for PIC v3.20
'Target PIC: 18F45K20
'Configuration: Check the project in the download link for the configuration bits

program MC9700_Temp

dim LCD_RS as sbit at RC4_bit
    LCD_EN as sbit at RC5_bit
    LCD_D4 as sbit at RC0_bit
    LCD_D5 as sbit at RC1_bit
    LCD_D6 as sbit at RC2_bit
    LCD_D7 as sbit at RC3_bit

    LCD_RS_Direction as sbit at TRISC4_bit
    LCD_EN_Direction as sbit at TRISC5_bit
    LCD_D4_Direction as sbit at TRISC0_bit
    LCD_D5_Direction as sbit at TRISC1_bit
    LCD_D6_Direction as sbit at TRISC2_bit
    LCD_D7_Direction as sbit at TRISC3_bit

dim ADRead as word
dim Temp as longword
dim vDisp as word[3]
dim Display as string[7]

main:
     TRISA = $FF
     TRISC = 0
     PORTC = 0
     LCD_Init()
     LCD_Cmd(_LCD_CURSOR_OFF)
     LCD_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR)
     LCD_Out(1, 1, "Temp:")
     Display = "+125 'C"
     while true
           ADRead = ADC_Read(0)
           if (ADRead > 102) then 'If temperature is positive
              Temp = (100 * ( (10 * ADRead) - 1024 ) ) >> 11 'Get temperature
              Display[0] = "+"
           else 'If temperature is negative
              Temp = ( (1024 - (10 * ADRead) ) * 100 ) >> 11 'Get temperature
              Display[0] = "-"
           end if
           vDisp[0] = Temp div 100
           vDisp[1] = (Temp div 10) mod 10
           vDisp[2] = Temp mod 10
           Display[1] = vDisp[0] + 48
           Display[2] = vDisp[1] + 48
           Display[3] = vDisp[2] + 48
           LCD_Out(1, 8, Display) 'Show temperature
     wend
end.

 

Hex file + Schematic + Code freely available for download:
http://www.4shared.com/file/b8bT5a9e/MC9700_temperature_sensor.html

The code can be freely used and there is no copyright restrictions or anything as such. Only credit the author (me) where necessary.
Schematics for Temperature sensor with PIC18 and MCP9700 Circuit Electronics

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Circuit Digital Alarm Speedometer Circuit Schematic Diagram

Circuit Digital Alarm Speedometer Circuit schematics Circuit Electronics,

This Digital Alarm Speedometer Circuit. It allows us to appraise the acceleration of any article moving, abnormally cars and added vehicles. The acceleration is affected in kilometers per hour (KPH). Its affectation has three digits. This alarm works with the laser reflexion. It sends laser radiation to the article and this article reflects the laser radiation to the radar. To appraise the acceleration of a vehicle, we charge be in advanced of it. In added words, the agent charge appear in our direction. The advanced of the alarm charge point the advanced of the vehicle. The alarm has the appearance of a pistol. In this radar, it has a laser LED and a laser diode. Both accept a lens.

The laser LED can accelerate a atom of ablaze to a ambit of 90 m (295 ft). It's actual important that the ambit ambit of the laser LED is 90 m, if not, the acceleration will not be affected properly. The laser diode, which receives the ablaze arresting by the laser LED, charge be able to ascertain the ablaze which is aforementioned blush as that emitted by the laser LED. The laser diode and the laser LED charge be placed one beside the other. They are adequate by a brave pane. They charge be placed at the advanced of the alarm and point the outside. The alarm is powered by a 9V array and it has a SPST about-face to ascendancy its ability state.

The display, or the acceleration indicator, is placed at the rear of the radar, aloof on the appropriate of the afflict LED indicator. All the argumentation apparatus of the ambit charge be of the 74AS alternation and TTL type. Because they accept abbreviate time of acknowledgment (less than 1.7 ns) and accept aerial abundance supports (more than 200 MHz). The alarm can appraise the acceleration of an article affective amid 0 to 999 km/h. Afterwards this speed, the afflict LED indicator will about-face on and the "999" will still displayed. The alarm displays the acceleration during 3 seconds, afterwards this time, it displays "zero" (0)

Schematics for Digital Alarm Speedometer Circuit Circuit Electronics

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Electronics Pressure sensor (MPX4100)

Circuit Pressure sensor (MPX4100) schematics Circuit Electronics,

The pressure sensor (MPX4100) MPX4100 is a pressure sensor that is equipped with signal conditioning circuit and temperature calibrator makes this sensor stable against temperature changes. For this sensor measurement accuracy using micro-machine techniques, thin film metalization and bipolar semiconductor process.

With the signal conditioning circuit, this sensor can connect direct on Analogue to digital Converter. Signal conditioning circuit generate analog voltage with Full Scale (Full Scale) to 5 Volt. This sensor has the ability to detect the pressure of 15 to 115 kilo Pascal and work under pressure difference between P1 and P2. P1 or Pressure Side consists of gel fluorisilicone that protect it from the objects hard. Pressure sensors on robotic applications are often used as feedback mechanic in which the system microcontroller can detect mechanical condition at the time it. For example to detect strong or weak grip of the robot calculates burden placed on the robot.

Schematics for Pressure sensor (MPX4100) Circuit Electronics

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Circuit Portable Phone Preamplifier Circuit Diagram Schematic Diagram

Circuit Portable Phone Preamplifier Circuit Diagram schematics Circuit Electronics,

Portable Phone Preamplifier Circuit Diagram

This assemblage was advised for amateurs owning an old accumulating of vinyl recordings and absent to accept it digitally remastered into a claimed computer.

Or sometimes they would accept to an old, invaluable, LP accumulating through their avant-garde Aerial Fidelity chain, usually defective a phono preamp stage: this is a ambit able of acceptable their needs.

The assemblage is powered by a 9V battery, acceptance a quick and accessible affiliation to all high-level ascribe preamplifier stages and the actual low accepted cartoon of the ambit will agreement a continued array life.

Despite the low voltage supply, ambit achievement with affective allurement pick-ups is absolutely good, featuring aerial ascribe afflict capability, actual low baloney and authentic reproduction of the RIAA equalization curve, acknowledgment to a two-stage op-amp chip in which the RIAA equalization arrangement was breach in two halves: an ascribe date implementing the bass-boost allotment of the RIAA equalization ambit active in a alternation acknowledgment agreement and a added stage, implementing the treble-cut allotment of the ambit by agency of a added op-amp active in the blow acknowledgment configuration.

Battery operation additionally minimizes the achievability of hum pick-up, a abeyant crisis consistently present in aerial gain, aerial acuteness phono preamps.

As the absolute accepted cartoon of the ambit is about 1.2mA back powered by a 9V battery, the use of a pilot lamp LED will be the above account of accepted consumption. Therefore, a actual small, low accepted red LED is recommended for this purpose. Using a 6.8K attached resistor as defined for R11, the LED will draw an added accepted of 1mA: it will not flash brightly, but can be still calmly seen.

A typical, carbon-zinc, 9V array will acquiesce the ambit to accomplish for about 180 hours, admitting an acrid array will aftermost for added than 250 hours. If the LED is omitted, durations will be about doubled.

In any case, for those whishing to additional the battery, the ambit can additionally be powered by a accepted alien ability accumulation adaptor, rated at about 12-15V dc, 10mA or higher. In this case, the ambit ascribe afflict adequacy will access further.

Notes:

• The circuit board should be preferably enclosed into a small metal case.
• The circuit diagram shows the Left channel only and the power supply.
• Some parts are in common to both channels and must not be doubled. These parts are: R4, R5, R10 and R11, C4, C7, C8, C11 and C12, D1, D2, IC3, SW1, SW2, J3 and B1.
• IC1 and IC2 are dual Op-Amps, therefore the second half of these devices will be used for the Right channel.
• If you intend to use exclusively the battery supply, IC3, D2, C11, C12, SW2 and J3 must be omitted and SW1 can be substituted by a SPST Toggle or Slide Switch.
• Wanting to power the circuit by the mains only, omit B1 and SW1, then hard-wire the junction of R10 and R11 to the output pin of IC3.
• Pilot lamp D1 and its current limiting resistor R11 are optional.
• Please note that the circuit requires about 15 seconds to become fully operative after power-on.

Parts:

R1,R3____________2K2 1/4W Resistors
R2,R4,R5_______100K  1/4W Resistors
R6______________39K  1/4W Resistor
R7_______________3K9 1/4W Resistor
R8_____________390K  1/4W Resistor
R9______________33K  1/4W Resistor
R10,R13________220R  1/4W Resistors
R11______________6K8 1/4W Resistor (Optional, see text)
R12_____________75K  1/4W Resistor (or two 150K resistors wired in parallel)
R14_____________10K  1/4W Resistor

C1_____________100pF  63V Polystyrene or Ceramic Capacitor
C2,C6____________1µF  63V Polyester Capacitors
C3,C4___________47µF  25V Electrolytic Capacitors
C5______________10nF  63V Polyester Capacitor 5% tolerance or better
C7_____________100nF  63V Polyester Capacitor
C8_____________100µF  25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C9_______________1nF  63V Polyester Capacitor 5% tolerance or better
C10______________4µ7  25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C11____________220µF  25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C12___________1000µF  25V Electrolytic Capacitor

IC1__________LS4558   Dual High Performance Op-Amp
IC2___________TL062   Dual BIFET Op-Amp
IC3___________78L15   15V 100mA Regulator IC

D1______________LED  small dimensions, low current (Optional, see text)
D2___________1N4002  200V 1A Diode

SW1____________SPDT  Toggle or Slide Switch
SW2____________SPST  Toggle or Slide Switch

J1,J2___________RCA audio input sockets
J3______________Mini DC Power Socket

B1_______________9V  PP3 Battery

Clip for PP3 Battery

Schematics for Portable Phone Preamplifier Circuit Diagram Circuit Electronics

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Circuit DIGITAL CAMERA BATTERIES CHARGER Schematic Diagram

Circuit DIGITAL CAMERA BATTERIES CHARGER schematics Circuit Electronics,

DIGITAL CAMERA BATTERIES CHARGER

This abuttals was created for calendar cameras. It's acclimatized the calendar cameras acquire abounding adeptness consumption. For classic my camera Minolta E223 requires about 800 mA. In breeding a mains adeptness accession or aeriform adaptation NiMH accumulators (batteries) can charm this demand.

This abuttals consists of two parts, charger and adapter. The transformer, rectifier accomplished and cushion condensator are common. Adapter is actually artlessly its basic allocation is an adjustable voltage regulator LM 317 according to acclimatized setting. Output is a adequate for camera jack plug. Voltage can be acclimatized in abuttals 2-9 V.

In the charger abuttals a 7805 anchored voltage regulator works as acclimatized artist assured affiliated acclimatized during charging. This charging acclimatized can be acclimatized with the 100 /1W potentiometer in abuttals about 50-300 mA adumbrated by a babyish acclimatized barometer instrument. From one to four batteries can be accountable simultaneously. The changeabout allegation be set according to basal of batteries, and charging acclimatized of batteries acclimatized by artist allegation be adjusted. This abuttals doesn't admeasurement charging time and charging activity of batteries. Manufacturers accordance charging time, usually 14-16 h. I credible this affliction with a simply, arrangement automatic mains timer. I ahead its accurateness is sufficient.

Schematics for DIGITAL CAMERA BATTERIES CHARGER Circuit Electronics

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Electronics Smart Tracker - track anything from your child to shoes

Circuit Smart Tracker - track anything from your child to shoes schematics Circuit Electronics, The EPE Minder consists of two type- approved transmitter units and a receiver. If either transmitter becomes separated from the receiver, a buzzer in the latter part will sound.
The receiver is fitted with a switch to allow the use of only one transmitter if required.

MIND HOW YOU GO

This system was originally designed as a two-channel child alarm (to protect either a single child or two children at the same time) but many other applications spring to mind. For example, one transmitter could be placed inside a briefcase and another in a coat pocket. If the user forgot to pick up either of these items and walked away, the buzzer would sound in the receiver. The receiver must be carried on the per- son in a way that would make it practically impossible to lose it. This could be done using a belt clip, for example. Note that it will not be possible to use this system if either the transmitter or receiver were placed inside metal containers or if there were substantial metallic “screening” objects between them.

OPERATING RANGE
The operating range may be adjusted according to the intended purpose. However, it does depend on conditions. Adjustment is carried out by means of “aerial link wires” on the circuit panels. With all these in place, the range of the prototype exceeds 12 metres in open air. It will also work throughout several rooms indoors if required. If the battery voltage in either transmit- ter or receiver falls below a certain value, or if a transmitter is switched off, a buzzer will sound. The specified batteries in the transmitters should provide several hun- dred hours of operation. Those in the receiver should provide around 100 hours.

PERSONAL CODE
The EPE Minder uses a system of digitally encoded low-power radio signals,
which pass from the transmitters to the receiver. The code is different for each transmitter so that the receiver is able to distinguish one from the other. Type-approved, pre-aligned transmitter and receiver modules that operate at 433MHz. are used. No traditional “radio” skills are needed and no licence is needed for their use in the UK.

TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT
The circuit diagram for a single trans- mitter unit is shown in Fig.1. Current is
supplied to the circuit from a 3V “coin” cell, B1, via on-off switch S2 and diode D1. The diode provides reverse-polarity protection. It is best to use the specified Schottky device which introduces a smaller forward voltage drop, and therefore less loss, than a conventional silicon diode (0·2V rather than 0·7V approximately). Capacitor C2 provides a small reserve of energy and pre- vents the supply voltage from fluctuating. This stabilises operation. A low power 7555 timer, IC1, is set up in a standard astable (pulse generator) con- figuration. While switched on, this produces a continuous train of on-off pulses at its output, pin 3.The choice of resistors R1, R2 and capacitor C1 provide one pulse per second for one of the transmitters (Unit A) and one pulse every 1·2 seconds for the other one (Unit B). In fact, the timings are slightly longer but it helps to consider them as above. Also, the on times are much longer than the off ones in each case. The purpose of this will be explained presently.




RECEIVER CIRCUIT

Receiver module, IC1, requires a supply of between 4·5V and 5·5V. The 6V nomi-
nal battery pack, B1, is brought within range by the forward drop of diode D5
(0·7V approx.) This diode also provides reverse-polarity protection. Capacitor C4 charges up and provides a small reserve of energy. This will be useful when the battery is nearing the end of its operating life. When the supply voltage falls below some 4V, the receiver stops working and the buzzer will sound. Below around 3V, the buzzer itself will not operate so it is important to check operation each time the units are used. Receiver IC1 should be of the a.m. (amplitude modulation) type as specified in the components list. As such, it will respond to the on-off pulses provided by the transmitter. The inexpensive super regenerative (rather than superhet) variety will be perfectly adequate. The low-power variants of these receivers have not been tested. Although for battery operation they would appear to be ideal, the standard type is more readily available.

The receiver may be considered as hav- ing separate r.f. (radio frequency) and a.f. (audio frequency) sections. These have individual supply inputs (pins 1, 10, 12 and 15 with some being duplicated). These are all connected together and decoupled using capacitor C1.

TESTING

Having completed the Receiver board, we can now commence testing all three
boards. It helps to minimise the Receiver “hold-off” time by adjusting preset VR1 fully anti-clockwise (as viewed from the left-hand side of the p.c.b.) and preset VR2 fully clockwise (as viewed from the right- hand side of the p.c.b.). Check that the Test link has been left unconnected to prevent IC4b signal from passing to transistor TR1’s base. switch on Single Channel switch S3 so that Channel A is enabled. With On-Off switch S4 off, insert the batteries. switch on. After a short delay, the buzzer WD1 should sound. Now place transmitter A approximately
three metres away from the Receiver, insert the battery and switch on. The buzzer should begin to bleep every second. The same procedure is now repeated for transmitter B. To do this, switch S3 off to disable Channel A and firmly twist together the ends of the Test link wires. It is not advisable to solder this connection unless the i.c.s are removed first. The buzzer should bleep at a slightly slower rate than for transmitter A. It is unlikely that the time periods of the two transmitters will be the same (due to overlapping component tolerances).
However, if they are, one of them will need to be changed. Choose slightly higher values for resistors R1 and R2 to slow it down and vice versa. Remove the i.c.s before making any modifications.

HOLD-OFF TIME
When both transmitters have been test- ed, switch S3 on to enable both channels. presets VR1 and VR2 should now be adjusted to approximately mid-track posi- tion. This should provide a sufficient “hold off” time plus a small margin. The buzzer should now remain off and only sound when one of the transmitters is switched off or moved out of range. Leave them operating for several minutes. If the occasional spurious bleep is heard, increase the settings of VR1/VR2 to pre- vent this happening.
Schematics for Smart Tracker - track anything from your child to shoes Circuit Electronics

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Circuit Digital Compass Schematic Diagram Schematic Diagram

Circuit Digital Compass Schematic Diagram schematics Circuit Electronics,

Digital Compass Schematic Diagram

Digital Compass Specifications:

· Power: 5-18 volts DC @ 30 ma

· Inputs: Earth’s magnetic field

· Outputs: Open collector NPN, sink 25 ma per direction, digital output 1 or 0

· Size: 12.7 mm diameter, 16 mm tall

· Temp: -20 to +85 degrees C

· Provides 8 headings (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, and NW).
· 12 degree tilt with acceptable results

Schematics for Digital Compass Schematic Diagram Circuit Electronics

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Electronics Basically the DAC circuit

Circuit Basically the DAC circuit schematics Circuit Electronics, Basically the DAC circuit is made to meet the need for the level of influence in the development of digital electronic circuits electronics world.
Since the discovery of Silicon and Germanium semiconductor material then quickly there was a revolution in terms of simplicity and accuracy of an electronic circuit. Besides, with the implementation of digital circuits will support at all in terms of data storage and mobility. Lots of data can now be operated with a computer is a data converted from analog signals. For example a voice signal or analog form of video can be played and stored using a computer after analog signals are converted into digital data.

Advantages possessed by the digital data than analog signal is a certainty the nature of the data or logic. digital data only can be divided into two kinds of logic high "1" and logic low "0". Logic 1 represents 5 volts and low logic voltage 0 volts represents. Examples of the advantages of digital signals over analog signals is on television or digital radio receiver. By implementing a digital system signals emitted by television or radio stations will form the data 1 and 0, so at the time of the transmission or delivery of data signals that change or damaged by the interruption of transmission will hardly change the logic of the signals. But if the transmitted signal is the original signal in the form of an analog signal then if just a little damage due to interruption of transmission, the signal to be received is a signal that has been damaged serve targeted.

In the DAC circuit above uses two LM741 Op-Amp IC is often used as an amplifier. IC1 to function as a producer of analog signal is reversed, and turned back IC2 function signal from IC1. Basic circuit of the DAC is a common amplifier circuit, only used a variation of several resistors in order to obtain a regular reinforcement signal. Rules that must be understood from this DAC circuit is the value of resistors on the input op-amp. The value for the resistor at high bit (R4) should be 2x the amplifier resistor (R5), then for the next bit should be 2x the resistor value at a higher bit. So if the circuit uses 4-bit DAC is the unit bit (lowest bit) is the value of bits to be 8x-4. From the picture above the unit bit is represented by resistor 80 Kohm.

Sample Conditions:
- 0001 (1) = switch SW1 closed and others opened, the voltage output produced is (5K/80K) x 9 volt = 0.5625 volts
- 0010 (2) = SW2 is closed and another switch is opened, the output voltage is (5K/40K) x 9 volts = 1.125 volts
- 0011 (3) = SW1 and SW2 is closed and another switch is opened, the voltage output is (5K/Rparalel 80K and 40K) x 9 volt = (5K/26, 667K) X 9 volt = 1.6875 volts
- 1000 (8) = SW4 is closed and another switch is opened, the output voltage is (5K/10K) x 9 volts = 4.5 volts.

From the above calculation can be concluded that unlicensed with a voltage output proportional to the input conditions, eg for 1 decimal is 0.5625 volts then, decimal 2 = 2 x 0.5625 = 1125 volts, decimal 3 = 3 x 0.5625 = 1.6875 volts, and so on. This condition is due to the parallel relationship between the input resistors.
Schematics for Basically the DAC circuit Circuit Electronics

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Circuit Digital Code Lock Programmable Circuit Schematic Diagram

Circuit Digital Code Lock Programmable Circuit schematics Circuit Electronics,

Digital Code Lock Programmable Circuit

A programmable cipher lock can be acclimated for abundant applications in which admission to an article/gadget is to be belted to a bound cardinal of persons. Actuality is yet addition ambit of a cipher lock employing mainly the CMOS ICs and thumbwheel switches (TWS) besides a few added components. It is asperous and able of operation on voltages alignment amid 6 and 15 volts. The accumulation accepted cesspool of CMOS ICs actuality absolutely low, the ambit may be operated alike on battery.

The ambit uses two types of thumbwheel switches. about-face numbers TWS1 through TWS8 are decimal-to-BCD advocate blazon while about-face numbers TWS9 through TWS16 are 10-input multiplexer blazon in which alone one of the ten inputs may be affiliated to the achievement (pole). One thumbwheel about-face of anniversary of the two types is acclimated in aggregate with IC CD4028B (BCD to decimal decoder) to accommodate one agenda output.Eight such identical combinations of thumbwheel switches and IC CD4028 are used. The eight agenda outputs acquired from these combinations are affiliated to the ascribe of 8-input NAND aboideau CD4068.For accepting a argumentation aerial output, say at pole-1, it is capital that decimal numbers called by about-face brace TWS1 and TWS9 are identical, as alone again the argumentation aerial achievement accessible at the Specific achievement pin of IC1 will get transferred to pole-1. Accordingly, back the thumbwheel brace of switches in anniversary aggregate is alone matched, the outputs at pole-1 to pole-8 will be argumentation high.This will account achievement of 8-input NAND aboideau IC CD4068b to change over from argumentation aerial to argumentation low, thereby accouterment a high-to-low activity alarm beating at alarm ascribe pin of 7-stage adverse CD4024B, which is acclimated actuality as a flip-flop (only Q0 achievement is acclimated here).The achievement (Q0) of the flip-flop is affiliated to a broadcast disciplinarian ambit consisting of transistors T1 and T2. The broadcast will accomplish back Q0 achievement of flip-flop goes low. As a aftereffect transistor T1 cuts off and T2 gets advanced biased to accomplish the relay.Switch S1 is provided to accredit switching off (locking) and switching on (unlocking) of the broadcast as desired, already the actual cipher has been set.

With the cipher set correctly, the NAND aboideau achievement will break low and flip-flop can be toggled any cardinal of times, authoritative it accessible to about-face on or about-face off the relay, as desired. Suppose we are application the arrangement for switching-on of a accouter for which the ability accumulation is baffled via the contacts of the relay. The authorised being would baddest actual cipher which would account the accumulation to become accessible to the deck. Afterwards use he will accomplish about-face S1 and again drag the thumbwheel switches TWS1 through TWS8 such that none of the switches produces a actual code. Already the cipher does not match, acute of about-face S1 has no aftereffect on the achievement of the flip-flop.Switches TWS9 through TWS16 are buried afterwards ambience the adapted code. In abode of thumbwheel switches TWS1 through TWS8 DIP switches can additionally be used

Schematics for Digital Code Lock Programmable Circuit Circuit Electronics

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Electronics Sound Signal Processor with MSP 34X0G

Circuit Sound Signal Processor with MSP 34X0G schematics Circuit Electronics,

IC MSP 34X0G is a single chip that can process voice signals to all TV standard International, and very good for the digital NICAM stereo. In the IC has several advantages, namely:

1. Communication using the I2C bus control
2. Selection of a voice signal automatically (mono / stereo / bilingual)
3. Loudspeaker / headphones are equipped with volume control, bass, treble, loudness and balance
4. Loudspeaker outputs are equipped with MDB (Micronas Dynamic Bass)
5. AVC: Automatic Volume Correction
6. Equipped with Sub woofer output
7. Have facilities 5-Band graphic equalizer for loudspeaker
8. Equipped spatial effect for loudspeaker
9. Equipped with a matrix of voters in / out
10. Has a SCART 4 stereo inputs, one mono input and 2 stereo SCART output

Block diagram of circuit in the IC MSP34X0G

Schematics for Sound Signal Processor with MSP 34X0G Circuit Electronics

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Electronics NJM2035 | High Quality Stereo Encoder

Circuit NJM2035 | High Quality stereo Encoder schematics Circuit Electronics, High Quality stereo Encoder with NJM2035

This stereo encoder is the perfect solution for those looking for transmitting high quality stereo sound with low cost. This stereo encoder produces crystal clear stereo sound very good and very good channel separation that can match many more expensive stereo encoders that are available in the market.

It's all possible thanks to 38KHz quartz crystal that controls the 19kHz pilot tone, so you'll never go back to calibrate or adjust sirkuit.NJM2035 offer superb quality and manufactured by NJR CORPORATION (JRC), a subsidiary of New Japan Radio, a company known as the world's best manufacturers of high end professional audio semiconductors. This transmitter will work with mono FM transmitter including the TX300 and TX500 are available on our website. The entire series can easily fit on a small "x 1.5" printed circuit board that allows to adjust in a place where space is limited. While building your stereo encoder please take your time and always check with the scheme to ensure that all connections are done correctly.

Technical Specifications:
Supply Voltage: 1.2V - 3.6V MAX
Current Draw:> 3mA
Channel Separation: <25 dB
Signal to Noise Ratio: 67 dB
Operation Temperature: -20 - 75 ° C
Frequency Range: 20Hz - 15KHz
Component List:
R 2x 47K
R 1x 10K
R 1x 82K
VR 1x 50K POT
C 1x 33uF
C 1x 10uF
C 3x 100nF (104)
C 1x 100pF (101)
C 1x 10pF (10)
1x IC IC NJM2035
1x XT 38 KHz Crystal

How it Works

 

Stereo encoder consists of three main stages, pre-emphasis, digital encoder and mixer stages.

Pre-emphasis stage is achieved by using two 47K resistors and two capacitors 1NF. This helps to eliminate noise generated during the FM transmission of your audio signal.

The second stage is built around NJM2035 is a digital encoder. All internal blocks except for two audio amplifiers (pins 1 & 14) which acts as a separator made using digital circuits. The first digital circuit is a 38KHz oscillator generated by using external 38KHz crystal (pin 7), 10pF capacitor (pin 6) and 100pF bypass capacitor (pin 5). After 38KHz frequency generated is then buffered and divided into two 19KHz signals with a 180 degree phase difference. Once it is done two frequencies associated with two time division switching MPX digital alternating, one for each audio channel. Here's the audio channel is switched between each other with a total frequency of 38KHz. If you will be able to slow this frequency to 1Hz per second you will be able to hear that this trick is all but. During the first half of the two you will hear the left audio channel and in the second half the second you hear the right audio channel. Due to the fact that the channels are activated by a rapid frequency of 38KHz per second our brain can not recognize that this channel is really switched on and accept this as a continuous audio signal. At the same time another signal from the 38KHz oscillator is divided half to 19KHz. This signal is called a PILOT tone because it will help the stereo decoder in the receiver to slice MULTIPLEX signal (mixed L and R audio channels) and separate them back to the left and right channel audio.

The third stage is a mixer which consists of 33uF and 100nF capacitors and resistors are 82K and 10K. The role of this circuit is to mix the multiplex subcarrier and pilot signals together. The subcarrier multiplex signal coming out of Pin 9 of IC NJM2035 is the sum and difference of both left and right audio channels are activated at 38Khz. PILOT signal coming out of the pin 8 is the frequency of 19KHz that is used to distinguish what channel is currently switched on and without decoding stereo that will not be possible.

Schematics for NJM2035 | High Quality stereo Encoder Circuit Electronics

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Electronics Low-Power Amplifier with digital volume control

Circuit Low-Power amplifier with digital volume control schematics Circuit Electronics,

Amplifier with digital volume control can we make predictably because the circuit is made simple with just single chip TDA8551. The series of Mini amplifier With digital Volume Control is a type BTL amplifier with 1 Watt.

Techniques for adjusting the volume in this series has been provided with a pin path control that is controlled by providing an input voltage VCC and GND. The series is also equipped with a selector mute, standby and operating.

Mini amplifier with digital volume control schematics

Schematics for Low-Power amplifier with digital volume control Circuit Electronics

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Electronics PT2399 | Digital Echo Circuit

Circuit PT2399 | digital Echo Circuit schematics Circuit Electronics,

Digital Echo Processor IC PT2399 is using CMOS technology in audio purposes. digital Echo Processor PT2399 is implementing the system in the process of ADC and DAC audio repro echo.

Digital Echo Processor PT2399 has a high sampling frequency and 44K memory. digital Echo Processor PT2399 to repro echo digital audio system of repro VCO delay time system that can be arranged. digital Echo Processor PT2399 has a very low audio distortion of (THD <0.5%) and very low noise as well (No <-90dBV) so that the digital Echo Processor PT2399 is capable of providing good audio quality.

Digital Echo Schematics

Description:
Setting the external resistor from 10 K Ohm to 50 K Ohm. If the value is greater then the Delay Time also increases.

• Echo digital Application Processor PT2399


• Video Tape Recorder


• Video Compact Disk


• Television


• CD Player


• Car Stereo


• KARAOKE Mixer


• Electronic Musical


• Echo audio Processor

Schematics for PT2399 | digital Echo Circuit Circuit Electronics

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Electronics PbS and PbSe detectors

Circuit PbS and PbSe detectors schematics Circuit Electronics,

Cal Sensors' has two new families of lead salt infrared detectors as well as the introduction of a new digital drive board. The new single channel detector (SCD) and multichannel detector (MCD) families provide sensitivity for a variety of infrared sensing applications.

The SCD-13HV (single channel detector- high-value) PbS detectors are designed to meet requirements for high volume, cost-sensitive applications. SCD detectors provide sensitivity with typical D* from 9 x 1010 to 1.75 x 1011 Jones across the one to three micron wavelength range. Performance varies with element size and window type.

All SCD-13HV products support a glass window or lens configuration. Three element sizes are available in industry standard packages for easy integration. For applications where size is critical, such as portable test equipment, the SCD-13HV line offers a 1 by 1 mm detector in a TO-46 can. Where greater field-of-view or larger element sizes are important, 2 and 3 mm square detector sizes are available in TO-5 packages.

The new PbS and PbSe multi-channel detectors (MCD) provide sensitivity of 1.5 x 1010 Jones for detection of up to four distinct materials/gases. Covering one to five microns, the MCD product family provides channel isolation of >99.5 percent and a TO-5 footprint. An optional integrated thermistor within the MCD package optimizes temperature compensation for measurement precision. Co-locating the temperature sensor and detector material in a hermetically-sealed TO-5 package ensures they both ‘feel' the same temperature variations and reduce potential effects of external environmental factors.

The four channel configuration offers opportunities for cost reduction and design simplification minimizing the need for multiple individual detectors and complex optics. System costs and footprints can be reduced up to 60 percent versus alternative single-detector designs. The technology is well-suited for a variety of applications including industrial and medical gas analysis, as well as auto and aviation emissions testing. It is useful for environmental applications such as stack monitoring, greenhouse gas analysis and overseeing air quality in confined spaces including tunnels and underground structures.

Though customizable for different applications across the one to five micron infrared spectrum, the MCD-15 line is available in a standard four-channel configuration with four discrete optical bandpass filters. This configuration supports CO, CO2 and hydro-carbon (such as methane) gas analysis.

Cal Sensors' new digital Drive Board optimizes signal levels for Cal Sensor´s one to four channel detectors. Designed with a socket that accepts Cal Sensor's standard one to four-channel detectors, the digital board provides all the electronics necessary to drive the sensor, digitize the output and connect via USB to a computer or microprocessor. Supporting PbS and PbSe detector technologies, these drive boards were created to accelerate prototyping and product development.

source:[link]

Schematics for PbS and PbSe detectors Circuit Electronics

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Electronics USB Soundcard Circuit with PCM2702

Circuit USB Soundcard Circuit with PCM2702 schematics Circuit Electronics,

Creating a sound card is not more complex problems. If you use Great IC PCM2702 from Burr RED / Texas Instruments you can create a card USB sound fully functional. The sound card can be activated from the USB port and has one stereo output.


You do not need to install drivers for Windows XP and Vista, because the driver is already in the system, XP and Vista. So this series is really plug and play.

Block Diagram

Description

The core of this construction is a 16-Bit stereo Digital-To-Analog Converter with PCM2702 USB interface.

Schematic diagram USB soundcard

PCM2702 only requires a few additional components to work. This scheme is not complex. The sound card can be activated directly from the USB port (jumper W1) or from an external equalizer (jumper W3). PCM2702 requires two 3.3V equalizer (3V-3.6V) and 5V (4.5V-5.5V). I use a fixed output voltage to 3.3V LDO TPS76733Q (IO2) and the output voltage is adjusted to 5V LDO TPS76701Q (IO3).

LDO Both are produced by TI, I use it because there in my drawer. Each LDO The same can be used. IO3 output voltage should be set to slightly lower than the input voltage to enable LDO stabilization is good, in my case the output voltage set to 4.8V. output voltage can be set by the resistor R33 is adjusted. In the case of low power supply, IO3 be shorted by the W3 jumper. Signalizes D3 LED power on.

PCB line design usb soundcard

Layout PCB usb soundcard

Small ferrite beads are placed before all power pins on the PCM2702 and GND Vbus and USB. Small beads reduce high frequency hum. I have a problem finding SMD ferrite beads small local shops but finally I get some of them from the old hard drive. They are not really necessary, you can use zero ohm resistors instead of them.

Low-pass filter placed in the output signal path to reduce the sampling frequency. OPA2353UA dual op amp configured as two stereo-order low-pass filter. Led diodes D1 illuminates when the PCM2702 play audio data received from the USB bus. Diode D2 Led illuminates when the USB bus audio delay the transmission of data to the PCM2702.

Installed component USB soundcard

This circuit works very well. I just had shorted crystal during soldering so that circuit does not work, but after removing the short noise, a sound card to work. I have been tested on Windows 2000, XP and Vista. The electronic circuit works in all the systems mentioned. Driver is in the operating system so that the sound card is ready within a few seconds after you connect the electronic circuit is with a PC / Laptop / Notebook you are in trouble with the sound card / sound card that.

During writing this article I have found that the PCM2702 is now not recommended for new designs, but TI offers a better solution. PCM2704, PCM2705 has the same functions as the PCM2702, but they include an output filter. They were able to push the headphones directly.

Volume and mute can be controlled via the SPI bus in PCM2705 or PCM2704 with pushbuttons in the case. PCM2704 and PCM2705 are in TSSOP28 package. PCM2706 PCM2704 and PCM2707 similar to PCM2705 but in addition they have the I2S bus. PCM2706 and PCM2707 are in a TQFP32 package. I recommend using the new chip (PCM2704 / PCM2705) for the new design an Operating System.

Schematics for USB Soundcard Circuit with PCM2702 Circuit Electronics

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Electronics DAC with MCS5 Microcontroller

Circuit DAC with MCS5 Microcontroller schematics Circuit Electronics,

The figure below shows the Configuration DAC With artificial MCS51 Microcontroller National Semiconductor, capacitors C1, C2 and form a series of 12 MHz XTAL oscillator, capacitor C3 and resistor R1 form a series reset.

Digital scale is given to the B1 to B7 (leg 5 to 12) in the IC DAC0800, the binary value of the digital scale was converted into an analog magnitude of the current at IOUT (ft 4 DAC0800) and IOUT * (feet 2 DAC0800), then by IC Operational amplifier LM741 flow is converted into voltage. The resulting voltage expressed by the formula shown in Figure below, in addition to depending on a digital scale weight value is given, this voltage depends on the size of Vref (DAC0800 14 feet).

figure.1 DAC With MCS5 Microcontroller

C3 is mounted on leg 16 and ground is useful for stabilizing the voltage generated. DAC0800 and LM741 using voltage source +12 Volt and -12 Volt, is somewhat different from the voltage that is usually used for digital circuits, so that digital signals can be received well IC DAC0800, DAC0800 equipped foot VLC (pin 1) for various voltage levels menyesesuaikan types of digital ICs. In the DAC0800 data sheet are shown in various series to be installed on this leg for DAC0800 can be used for a variety of digital IC family. In the circuit of Figure above, the DAC0800 is connected to the microcontroller MCS51 family who work at TTL voltage levels, for this purpose VLC leg connected to ground.

Behind the legs of the IC DAC0800 B1 through B8 are not equipped to accommodate a latch that is fed a digital scale, changing the combination of digital signals on the legs is a direct result of output voltage change. Construction inputs such DAC0800, DAC0800 result can not be connected directly to a channel-data (data bus) microprocessor system, the relationship DAC0800 to the processor must pass through the parallel port.

In Figure 1, the DAC0800 is connected to the parallel port P1 from AT89Cx051. Connecting the DAC0800 to the other MCS51 family, for example AT89C51, can pass parelel ports P0, P1, P2 or P3, depending on the conditions established series. Instructions to remove the voltage in the circuit of Figure 1 is very simple, just use instruction MOV P1, A analog scale with the understanding that wish to be raised previously been stored in the accumulator A.

Schematics for DAC with MCS5 Microcontroller Circuit Electronics

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Electronics Radio remote controls for toy cars

Circuit Radio remote controls for toy cars schematics Circuit Electronics,

Playing cars that are controlled via radio signals is an interesting game. The much-loved toy cars children, plus a simple circuit will be the ideal toy car. This circuit families use traditional digital CMOS IC which requires very little electrical current, so it will not burden the original toy car performance.

In this system, radio signals are not transmitted continuously but only generated when the controller sends a command to the left / right or forward / backward, and even then only a radio-frequency discontinuous, so is sending pulses of radio wave frequency.

The number of pulses sent represent commands sent, GO command is represented with 8 pulses, is represented with 16 pulses LEFT, RIGHT DOWN 32 pulses and 64 pulses. Commands that can dikirimk is a combination of 2 orders once gus, which is a combination of command forward / backward and right / left, for example, could be sent forward orders and left once gus, in this case the number of pulses sent is 24, ie the sum of the forward command by 8 pulse and left the command of 16 pulses.

After a command is sent, the system stops sending commands in a certain time lag, the lag time it takes will be a series of recipients have sufficient time to fulfilling their orders well. Frequency pulses were visible on the right side of this.

Radio Control transmitter Series

How it works transmitter

Radio signals generated by oscillator circuit formed by transistors Q1 9016, the working frequency of the oscillator is determined by the crystal Y1 is worth 27.145 MHz. A very critical part of this oscillator circuit is T1, L1 and L2, which specifically dealt with separately at the end of this article. Working from this oscillator is controlled by NOR gate U2D 14001, while the output gate (pin 3) is worth '1', the oscillator will work and transmit radio frequency 27.145 MHz, and at the output U2D value '0' the oscillator will stop working. U2D NOR gate receives the clock signal from NOR gate U2B. NOR Gate CMOS type with the aid of resistors R4 and R5 and capacitor C8 form a low frequency oscillator circuit for controlling the clock shaper of existing digital circuits. Work of this clock generator is controlled via the input leg 6, the circuit will generate the clock if this input berlevel '0 '.

NOR gate U2A and U2C form a series of Latch (RS Flip Flop), because of the influence of the resistor R2 and capacitor C11 is fed to pin 9 in U2C, when the circuit gets equalizer output U2C must be '1 'and the output of U2A (leg number 3) becomes '0 '. This situation resulted Marja U2b clock generator works evoke reset the clock and remove the state of the enumerator 14 024 IC (U1), so that U1 started chopping and 27.145 MHz oscillator circuit sending pulses for generating a clock frequency of work.

At the start chopping, all the output of IC 14 024 enumerators in kedaan '0 ', after chopping 8 Q4 output pulse (pin 6) will be a '1', after counting 16 pulses output Q5 (pin 5) to '1 ', after chopping 32 Q6 output pulse (pin 4) to '1 ', after counting 64 pulses output Q7 (pin 3) to '1'.

Output over-output voltage used to control foot 9 U2C through diode D1 and D2, during one of the output is still worth '0 'then the clock generator U2B still working, this will continue until the cathode D1 D2 dankatode be '1' so that the foot 9 U2C be a '1 'as well. This situation will result in the output feet 3 U2A to '1 ', which stop the clock generator U2B and resets the enumerator 14 024 danberhenti already shipping 27 145 MHz pulse frequency.

To generate the lag time for receiver circuit has enough time carrying out orders, used a series of Q2 9014, resistor R7 and capacitor C10. The amount of delay time is determined by the value of R7 and C10. switch to send command forward / backward and to send commands left / right are two separate switches. Each switch has 3 positions, the center position means that the scalar does not send commands.

Radio Control Receiver series

How it works Receiver

Figure 2 is a picture that matched the car receiver circuit toy, serves to receive signals from the transmitter to control motor cars, so cars can move forward / backward and left / right. Transistor Q1 with the help of resistors, capacitors and T1 form as a series of radio signal receiver 27.145 MHz. T1 in this series exactly the same as T1 that is used in the transmitter circuit, means of manufacture are discussed below.

Transistor Q2 follows perlangkapannya forming circuit to convert the radio frequency pulses received from the transmitter into the box pulses that can be accepted as a digital signal by the CMOS IC. digital signal will be received as the clock had to be chopped by chopper 14 024 IC (U2). Output 14 024 will be in accordance with the number of pulses sent by the transmitter, forward command and left (which is used as an example in the discussion of the transmitter) is the pulse number of 24, the results of counting these pulses cause the output to be 14 024 Q4 = '1 ', Q5 = '1', Q6 = '0 'and Q7 = '0'.

Digital signal received in addition be used as a clock IC 14 024 enumerators U2 discussed above, used also to drive the 3 pieces of the time delay circuit to generate pulses which controls the circuit work.

Toll regulator will first appear after delivery frequency pulse stopped because the lag time between sending the code, this pulse serves to record the count results to the U3 14 024 14 042 (D Flip Flop), making the final conditions of 14 024 will be retained to control the motor. After the results were recorded to 14 024 14 042, 14 042 enumerator is reset by the second pulse, after the lag time for 14,042 enumerators can count start from 0 again.

The circuit formed by transistors Q3, Q4, Q7, Q8, Q9 and Q10 named as H Bridge circuit, this circuit is very reliable to drive DC motors. With this series of DC motor can be rotated to the right-to-left or stop motion. The main requirement of the use of this circuit is the base voltage of Q7 and Q10 base voltage must be opposed, for example base Q7 = '1 'and the base of Q10 = '0' the motor rotates to the left, the base of Q7 = '0 'and the base of Q10 = '1' the motor will spin to the right, the base Q7 = '0 'and the base Q10 = '0' motor stop motion, but it should not happen, the base Q7 = '1 'and the base of Q10 = '1'.

Similarly, Q5, Q6, Q11, Q12, Q13 and Q14 form a H Bridge. H Bridge to the left in Figure 2 is used to control motors that adjust the cars moving left / right, while the H Bridge right part is used to control motors that regulate movement forward / backward cars. The relationship between outpur enumerator 14 042 and 14 024 Input D Flip Flop is structured so that the signal is fed to each H Bridge can not be all '1 'simultaneously.

Making transformer TX and RX

Transformer T1 in series transmitter and receiver, is the same stuff, and have created their own. Transformer was built using plastic transformer Koker (spare part radio) that have a step that looks 5 lanes that can be filled with rolls of wire, as shown in the photo. Using this Koker facilitate wire transformer winding. If you can not Koker similar to it, just use the usual. Koker feritnya transformer is small and is also small (3 mm) as the first is often used for assembly of 27 MHz CB radio.

Wire to the transformer can wear a wire in the unloading of these Koker, carefully open coil of wire that already exist within the Koker because the wire is smooth and quite easy to break.

Step 1: Roll away from the feet of wire fed into the number 5 ft 4 in the direction h (CW) as much as 3 rolls right in level 1 (point level above the lowest point)

Step 2: Wind the wire from leg 1 to leg 2 in a clockwise direction as much as 4 rolls right on level 2.

Step 3: Continue the roll (from step 2) clockwise a quarter roll to as much as 3 feet 3 at level three. (Can be determined exactly a quarter of the roll, because kokernya have a path cut into 4).

Making coil L1

Wind the copper wire diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 mm by 10 quarter rolls on Koker diameter about 4 mm (which will be released), also in a clockwise direction.

Making coil L2

Wind the copper wire diameter of 0.1 mm by 50 rolls of plastic Koker without ferrite diameter of about 3.5 - 4 mm (look for plastic materials from used goods) are also in a clockwise direction. The length of the section in liputi rolls along the 5 mm.

Schematics for Radio remote controls for toy cars Circuit Electronics

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Electronics Digital Thermometer with data processing of a microcontroller AT89C4051

Circuit digital Thermometer with data processing of a microcontroller AT89C4051 schematics Circuit Electronics,

Digital Thermometer 0-100.0°C is a digital thermometer that operates in modetemperature measurement in Celsius (° C). digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C in this article uses data processor in the form of a microcontroller AT89C4051.

Temperature sensors used in digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. This temperature sensor LM35D. digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. It uses the temperature measurement data viewer in the form of 1 line LCD viewer. digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. It can display the temperature measurement data with a resolution of 0.1 ° C.

Digital Thermometer Circuit Diagram

Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. These temperature sensors make use of LM35D as temperature sensing. In digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. This temperature sensor measurement data this LM35D (Level Voltage) is then converted into 4-bit binary data using the ADC CA3162.

Then the 4-bit data from ADC CA3162 which is a measurement of data if the temperature is in the AT89C4951 microcontroller so that it becomes an operating principle of temperature measurement based on digital thermometers. In the final stage of the digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. This is the appearance of digital data temperature measurement, using digital data viewer of the LCD 1 line.

Schematics for digital Thermometer with data processing of a microcontroller AT89C4051 Circuit Electronics

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Circuit Gambar Rangkaian USB Sound Card PCM2702 Schematic Diagram

Circuit Gambar Rangkaian USB Sound Card PCM2702 schematics Circuit Electronics,

Gambar Rangkaian USB Sound Card PCM2702

PCM2702 needs only few additional parts to work. The schematic is not complex. Sound card can be powered directly from USB port (jumper W1) or from external power supply (jumper W3). PCM2702 needs two power supply 3.3V (3V-3.6V) & 5V (4.5V-5.5V). I used fixed output voltage LDO TPS76733Q for 3.3V (IO2) & adjustable output voltage LDO TPS76701Q for 5V (IO3). Both LDO are produced by TI, I used this because I had it in my drawer. Any similar LDO can be used. Output voltage of IO3 ought to be set to small bit lower than input voltage to allow LDO lovely stabilization, in my case output voltage is set to 4.8V. Output voltage can be set by adjustable resistor R33. In case of low power supply, IO3 can be shorted by jumper W3. LED D3 signalizes power on.

The core of this construction is 16-Bit Stereo Digital-To-Analog Convertor with USB interface PCM2702.

small ferrite beads are placed before all power pins of PCM2702 & in Vbus & GND of USB. These small beads reduce high frequency hum. I had a controversy find this small SMD ferrite beads in local stores but finally I acquire few of them from elderly hard drive. we're not absolutely necessary, you can use zero ohm resistors in lieu of them.

Low-pass filter is placed in output signal path to reduce sampling frequency. An OPA2353UA dual op amp is configured as a stereo 2nd-order low-pass filter. Led diode D1 is illuminated when PCM2702 plays audio information received from the USB bus. Led diode D2 is illuminated when USB bus suspends audio information transmission to the PCM2702.

Schematics for Gambar Rangkaian USB Sound Card PCM2702 Circuit Electronics

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